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  签发 Let&#39;s Encrypt 证书指南,nginx添加ssl证书
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  <p>为了进行科学上网，记录一下如何快速签发Let’s Encrypt的证书</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h2 id="环境"><a href="#环境" class="headerlink" title="环境"></a>环境</h2><p>云服务器：CentOS 6<br>网站服务端：Nginx 1.16.0<br>签发证书域名：vps.dxysun.com</p>
<blockquote>
<p>这里的<code>vps.dxysun.com</code>是我自己的域名，届时一定要修改为自己的域名。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="Let’s-Encrypt简介"><a href="#Let’s-Encrypt简介" class="headerlink" title="Let’s Encrypt简介"></a>Let’s Encrypt简介</h2><p><a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Let’s Encrypt</a>是一个由非营利性组织 互联网安全研究小组（ISRG）提供的免费、自动化和开放的证书颁发机构（CA）。<br>简单的说，借助 Let’s Encrypt 颁发的证书可以为我们的网站免费启用 HTTPS(SSL/TLS) 。<br>Let’s Encrypt免费证书的签发/续签都是脚本自动化的，官方提供了几种证书的申请方式方法，<a href="https://letsencrypt.org/docs/client-options/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">点击此处</a> 快速浏览。<br>官方推荐使用<a href="https://certbot.eff.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Certbot</a> 客户端来签发证书，这种方式需要python3的支持，但我的服务器没有 安装python3，故未选用该方式。<br>我这里直接使用第三方客户端 acme.sh 申请，据了解这种方式可能是目前 Let’s Encrypt 免费证书客户端最简单、最智能的 shell 脚本，可以自动发布和续订 Let’s Encrypt 中的免费证书。</p>
<h2 id="安装-acme-sh"><a href="#安装-acme-sh" class="headerlink" title="安装 acme.sh"></a>安装 acme.sh</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">curl https:&#x2F;&#x2F;get.acme.sh | sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>整个安装过程进行了以下几步，了解一下即可：<br>把 acme.sh 安装到当前用户的主目录$HOME下的.acme.sh文件夹中，即<del>/.acme.sh/，之后所有生成的证书也会放在这个目录下；<br>创建了一个指令别名alias acme.sh=</del>/.acme.sh/acme.sh，这样我们可以通过acme.sh命令方便快速地使用 acme.sh 脚本；<br>自动创建cronjob定时任务, 每天 0:00 点自动检测所有的证书，如果快过期了，则会自动更新证书。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>安装命令执行完毕后，执行<code>acme.sh --version</code>确认是否能正常使用acme.sh命令。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;Neilpang&#x2F;acme.sh</span><br><span class="line">v2.8.2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>如有版本信息输出则表示环境正常；如果提示命令未找到，执行<code>source ~/.bashrc</code>命令重载一下环境配置文件。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>整个安装过程不会污染已有的系统任何功能和文件，所有的修改都限制在安装目录<code>~/.acme.sh/</code>中。</p>
<h2 id="生成证书"><a href="#生成证书" class="headerlink" title="生成证书"></a>生成证书</h2><p>据 acme.sh 官方文档介绍，其实现了 acme 协议支持的所有验证协议，一般有两种方式验证：http 和 dns 验证。<br>也就是我们有两种选择签发证书，这里我直接选择 http 验证方式，另外一种方式本篇不做介绍，可参考文档自行尝试。<br>签发证书也很简单，一条命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">acme.sh --issue -d vps.dxysun.com -w &#x2F;var&#x2F;nginx</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>这里的nginx部署目录为<code>/var/nginx</code>，具体设置方式参考<a href="https://dxysun.com/2019/06/20/centos6ForNginx">centos6安装nginx</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>简单解释下这条命令涉及的几个参数：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">--issue 是 acme.sh 脚本用来颁发证书的指令；</span><br><span class="line">-d 是--domain的简称，其后面须填写已备案的域名；</span><br><span class="line">-w 是--webroot的简称，其后面须填写网站的根目录。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>证书签发成功后显示<code>success</code>，并输出证书地址。<br>我的证书放在了/root/.acme.sh/vps.dxysun.com目录下。</p>
<p>另外，可以通过下面两个常用acme.sh命令查看和删除证书：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 查看证书列表</span><br><span class="line">acme.sh --list </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 删除证书</span><br><span class="line">acme.sh remove &lt;SAN_Domains&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>至此，证书就下载成功</p>
<h2 id="安装证书"><a href="#安装证书" class="headerlink" title="安装证书"></a>安装证书</h2><p>我的站点是由 Nginx 承载的，所以本节内容重点记录如何将证书安装到 Nginx，其他 webserver 请参考 acme.sh 文档自行实践。</p>
<p>上一小节，生成的证书放在了<code>/root/.acme.sh/vps.dxysun.cn</code>目录，因为这是 acme.sh 脚本的内部使用目录，而且目录结构可能会变化，所以我们不能让 Nginx 的配置文件直接读取该目录下的证书文件。</p>
<p>正确的做法就是使用<code>--installcert</code>命令，指定目标位置，然后证书文件会被 copy 到相应的位置。</p>
<p>一条命令即可解决：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">acme.sh  --installcert -d vps.dxysun.com \</span><br><span class="line">         --key-file &#x2F;etc&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;ssl&#x2F;vps.dxysun.com.key \</span><br><span class="line">         --fullchain-file &#x2F;etc&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;ssl&#x2F;fullchain.cer \</span><br><span class="line">         --reloadcmd &quot;service nginx force-reload&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这里我将证书放到了<code>/etc/nginx/ssl/</code>目录下，没有该目录的话请新建。</p>
<p>输出<code>Reload success</code>，则操作成功：</p>
<p>最后一步就是，修改 Nginx 配置文件启用 ssl</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim &#x2F;etc&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;conf.d&#x2F;default.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>Nginx 监听443端口的配置：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">server &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    listen 443 ssl;</span><br><span class="line">    server_name vps.dxysun.com;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    ssl_certificate      &#x2F;etc&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;ssl&#x2F;fullchain.cer;</span><br><span class="line">    ssl_certificate_key  &#x2F;etc&#x2F;nginx&#x2F;ssl&#x2F;vps.dxysun.com.key;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    root &#x2F;var&#x2F;nginx;</span><br><span class="line">    index index.html;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    location &#x2F; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        try_files $uri $uri&#x2F; @router;</span><br><span class="line">        index index.html;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    location @router &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        rewrite ^.*$ &#x2F;index.html last;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>Nginx 监听80端口，并重定向至443端口：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">server &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    listen 80;</span><br><span class="line">    server_name vps.dxysun.com;</span><br><span class="line">    return 301 https:&#x2F;&#x2F;$server_name$request_uri;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>或者</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">server &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    listen 80;</span><br><span class="line">    server_name vps.dxysun.com;</span><br><span class="line">    rewrite ^(.*)$ https:&#x2F;&#x2F;$&#123;server_name&#125;$1 permanent;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>域名记得换成自己的<br>如果要二个都可以访问，不用单独配置这个server,直接在443下面新增一个80就可以了</p>
</blockquote>
<p>修改完成后需要重启下 Nginx</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">service nginx restart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="更新证书"><a href="#更新证书" class="headerlink" title="更新证书"></a>更新证书</h2><p>目前 Let’s Encrypt 的证书有效期是90天，时间到了会自动更新，您无需任何操作。 今后有可能会缩短这个时间， 不过都是自动的，不需要您关心。</p>
<p>但是，您也可以强制续签证书：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">acme.sh --renew -d vps.dxysun.com --force</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="更新-acme-sh"><a href="#更新-acme-sh" class="headerlink" title="更新 acme.sh"></a>更新 acme.sh</h2><p>目前由于 acme 协议和 letsencrypt CA 都在频繁的更新, 因此 acme.sh 也经常更新以保持同步。<br>升级 acme.sh 到最新版：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">acme.sh --upgrade</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果您不想手动升级,，可以开启自动升级：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">acme.sh  --upgrade  --auto-upgrade</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>您也可以随时关闭自动更新：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">acme.sh --upgrade  --auto-upgrade  0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h2><p><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/esofar/p/9291685.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">快速签发 Let’s Encrypt 证书指南</a></p>
 
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            <div class="pswp__caption">
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</div>

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                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
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                let items = []
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                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">

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      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
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        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
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          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
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